Summary: in this tutorial, you will learn about the MySQL CROSS JOIN
clause and how to apply it to answer some interesting data questions.
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Introduction to MySQL CROSS JOIN
clause
The CROSS JOIN
clause returns the Cartesian product of rows from the joined tables.
Suppose you join two tables using the CROSS JOIN
clause. The result set will include all rows from both tables, where each row is the combination of the row in the first table with the row in the second table. In general, if each table has n
and m
rows respectively, the result set will have nxm
rows.
The following illustrates the syntax of the CROSS JOIN
clause that joins two tables t1
and t2
:
Note that different from the INNER JOIN
, LEFT JOIN
, and RIGHT JOIN
clauses, the CROSS JOIN
clause does not have a join predicate. In other words, it does not have the ON
or USING
clause.
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If you add a WHERE
clause, in case table t1
and t2
has a relationship, the CROSS JOIN
works like the INNER JOIN
clause as shown in the following query:
MySQL CROSS JOIN
clause examples
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Let’s set up some tables to demonstrate the CROSS JOIN
clause.
Setting up sample tables
First, create a new database salesdb
:
Second, switch the current data to the new database salesdb
:
Third, create new tables in the salesdb
database:
Here are the descriptions of the three tables:
- The table
products
contains the products master data that includes product id, product name, and sales price. - The table
stores
contains the stores where the products are sold. - The table
sales
contains the products that sold in a particular store by quantity and date.
Finally, insert data into the three tables. Suppose that we have three products iPhone
, iPad
and Macbook Pro
which are sold in two stores North
and South
.
MySQL CROSS JOIN
example
This statement returns total sales for each store and product, you calculate the sales and group them by store and product as follows:
Now, what if you want to know also which store had no sales of a specific product. The query above could not answer this question.
To solve the problem, you need to use the CROSS JOIN
clause.
First, use the CROSS JOIN
clause to get the combination of all stores and products:
Next, join the result of the query above with a query that returns the total of sales by store and product. The following query illustrates the idea:
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Note that the query used the IFNULL
function to return 0 if the revenue is NULL
(in case the store had no sales).
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By using the CROSS JOIN
clause this way, you can answer a wide range of questions e.g., find the sales revenue by salesman, month even if the salesman has no sales in a particular month.